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摘要：针对传统基于时间序列的建筑能耗数据采集方法对数据量以及采样周期的要求较高,存在采集效率低以及数据丢包率高等弊端,提出基于物联网技术的大型公共建筑能耗数据采集方法.设计大型公共建筑能源系统物联网总体架构,并分析其中各层次的详细内容,设计智能数据采集器的硬件结构,以及采集器中的RS 485采集电路,通过轮询措施实现建筑能耗数据的采集流程.通过数据采集器子配置算法解决能耗数据丢失问题,采用变频采样方法对累计运算类能耗数据实施优化采样,通过勒贝格采样方法对系统实时监测类能耗数据进行改進采样.实验结果说明,利用所提方法采集的建筑能耗数据丢包率低,具有较高的采样效率和精度,可长期稳定运行.

关键词：物联网技术；大型公共建筑；能耗数据；采集电路；采样精度；数据丢包

中图分类号： TN710?34； TP393.07 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1004?373X（2018）11?0139?05

Application of Internet of Things technology in energy consumption

data acquisition of large?scale public building

YU Qiuhong

（The City College of Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130114, China）

Abstract： The traditional building energy consumption data acquisition method based on time series has high requirements for data quantity and sampling period, and disadvantages of low acquisition efficiency and high data packet loss rate. Therefore, an IoT?based energy consumption data acquisition method for large?scale public building is put forward. The overall IoT architecture of energy system for large?scale public building is designed. The details of each level are analyzed. The hardware structure of the intelligent data collector and acquisition process of building energy consumption data realized by RS 485 acquisition circuit in the collector by means of polling measures are designed. The sub allocation algorithm of data collector is used to solve the problem of energy consumption data lost. The frequency conversion sampling method is used to implement the optimal sampling for the cumulative operation energy consumption data. The Lévesque sampling method is used to improve the sampling of energy consumption data monitored by the system in real time. The experimental results show that the proposed method has low packet loss rate for the acquired building energy consumption data, high sampling efficiency and accuracy, and can operate stably for a long time.

Keywords： Internet of Things technology； large?scale public building； energy consumption data； acquisition circuit； sampling accuracy； data packet loss

0 引言

随着经济的快速发展,当前我国建筑行业也呈现日新月异的发展态势,建筑节能问题成为人们关注的重点.建筑节能的目标是增强建筑能源的使用效率.对大型公共建筑能耗数据实施准确采集以及分析,为相关管理人员提供可靠的建筑能耗分析数据,对于提高建筑能源使用效率、降低建筑污染物排放量、确保建筑能源环境的可持续发展具有重要作用.由于物联网技术具有使用范围广、深层处理效果优等优势,其在大型公共建筑能耗数据采集过程中的应用价值较高.传统基于时间序列的建筑能耗数据采集方法对数据量以及采样周期的要求较高,存在采集效率低以及数据丢包率高等弊端.因此,本文提出基于物联网技术的大型公共建筑能耗数据采集方法,提高能耗数据采集效率以及质量.