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[摘 要]伴随着学术评价的发展,学术领域马太效应有愈演愈烈之势.马太效应带来的有悖学术发展的问题也日益凸显,因此遭到学术界乃至社会舆论诟病.客观认识学术领域马太效应及其作用机制,理清学术领域马太效应和学术评价的关系,坚持学术评价真理标准和公平原则等,是发挥学术领域马太效应正效应,避免其负效应的前提.学术发展离不开学术管理,学术管理又不能缺少学术评价,学术评价不可避免地产生马太效应,就是说,学术领域马太效应是学术发展过程客观存在的现象,对此如何利用学术评价来调控是需要研究的学术管理问题.
[关键词]学术评价；学术领域；马太效应；真理标准；公平原则
[中图分类号]G640 [文献标识码]A [文章编号]1671-8372（2017）02-0074-05
On the Matthew effect of academic field and its evaluation and control criterion
LIU Yao
（Institute of Educational Review, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China）
Abstract：With the development of academic evaluation, there is a growing tendency in the academic field for the Matthew effect. The problem of the academic development that brings about by the Matthew effect is also growing； therefore, it was criticized by academics and even the social media. To objectively understand the Matthew effect in the academic field and its mechanism of the action, clarify the relationship between the Matthew effect and the academic evaluation in the academic field, as well as adhere to the truth criterion and fair principles of the academic evaluation are preconditions of exerting the positive effect and avoiding the negative effect of the Matthew effect in the academic field. The reason is that the academic development is inseparable from the academic management, and also, the academic management cannot lack the academic evaluation, which will inevitably produce the Matthew effect. That is to say, the Matthew effect is an objective phenomenon in the process of the academic development in the academic field； thus, how to use the academic evaluation to make adjustments has become the problem in the academic management.
Key words：academic evaluation； academic field； Matthew effect； truth criterion； fair principle
近年來,伴随着学术评价的发展,学术领域马太效应（Matthew Effect）有愈演愈烈的趋势.无论在学术项目立项、学术论文发表、学术著作出版、学术成果评奖,还是在学术人才选拔、学术机构发展、学术平台建设诸多方面,都呈现出强者越来越强和弱者越来越弱的现象.这种现象就是被学术界,乃至社会舆论诟病的学术领域马太效应.《中国社会科学报》持续关注这一问题.2016年9月6日《中国社会科学报》头版发表了“理性看待学术评价的马太效应”[1]和“从学术生态看马太效应”[2]两篇文章,探讨如何理性看待和调控学术领域的马太效应.2016年11月8日头版《中国社会科学报》又发表了“学术系统马太效应需要评价调控”[3]一文.时至今日,笔者依然感觉对此问题的探讨意犹未尽,认为这个事关学术发展的话题值得深入探讨.由此,本文拟从学术领域马太效应、学术评价真理标准和学术评价公平原则及其关系的视角,继续探讨学术评价调控学术领域马太效应的认识和实践问题.
一、学术领域马太效应的来龙去脉
通俗地说,马太效应是指好的愈好,坏的愈坏,多的愈多,少的愈少的现象.马太效应之名来源于圣经《新约·马太福音》的一则寓言：“凡有的,还要加给他叫他多余；没有的,连他所有的也要夺过来.”在现实社会中,马太效应是影响个人和组织发展的重要的自然法则之一,它揭示了个人和组织资源不断增长的连锁反应现象.马太效应不只存在于学术领域,而是广泛渗透于社会生活的方方面面,并时时刻刻在发挥着或积极或消极的作用.
在社会生活中,马太效应普遍存在.比如,在学术领域,研究成果越多的个人和组织往往越有名,越有名的个人和组织成果越多；在社会经济发展上,发达国家和欠发达国家之间呈现出“发展趋异”现象,即发达国家日益发达、欠发达国家依然落后；在人才集聚方面,人才越多的国家和地区,对人才的吸引力越强,人才越稀缺的国家和地区,更难以吸引到人才；在品牌资本领域,也普遍存在强者恒强、弱者恒弱,或者说,赢家通吃的现象；等等.
马太效应论文参考资料：
结论：学术领域马太效应其评价调控准则漫为适合不知如何写马太效应方面的相关专业大学硕士和本科毕业论文以及关于心理学上的十大效应论文开题报告范文和相关职称论文写作参考文献资料下载。
